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FORMAT = Ms Word  :  PAGES = 70  :  PRICE = ₦3000  :  CHAPTERS = 1 - 5

ENHANCING PASSIVE COOLING IN HEALTHCARE BUILDINGS USING COURTYARD FORMS IN THE DESIGN OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN HOSPITAL IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION  1.1     Background of Study

Hospitals consume large amounts of energy because of how they are run and the many people that use them. They are open 24 hours a day; thousands of employees, patients, and visitors occupy the buildings daily. As such, sophisticated ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems control the temperatures and air flow in the hospital wards so as to maintain cooling.

In Nigeria, effective healthcare delivery service is a very important and a desirable social service. Efficient healthcare service delivery is heavily dependent on reliable and adequate power supply, However the energy demand of these facilities are hardly met by the national power supply. As a result, most healthcare facilities are heavily dependent on artificial and alternative means of power supply such as diesel and petrol generators.

A factor which places a burden on its daily operational costs (Nwanya, Sam-Amobi, & Ekechukwu, 2016).

The issue of energy efficiency is a call for concern in the world at large most especially in institutional buildings such as Hospitals. While the building sector is responsible for about 40 % of energy use. According to Shchuchenko, Lie and Thorgeirharsem, (2013) Hospitals represent 6 % of the total energy consumption in the public building sector and are one of the most energy intensive building categories. They further opine that; a hospital uses 2.5 times more energy than a similar sized office building.

However, many studies have been conducted on how cooling can be better optimized in hospitals, through passive means such as courtyards. In architectural design and practice, the courtyard is mostly used in buildings in all the climatic regions due to its passive tendencies for low energy consumption in buildings. Its benefits cut across; social, cultural, religious, environmental and even therapeutic reasons (Bulus, Evaluation of courtyard usage and design requirement in residential buildings in Nigeria hot dry climate, 2016)


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