PROJECT BODY:

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

          Soil is the cheapest and the most widely used material in civil engineering projects as foundation material either in its natural or improved form. It is highly heterogenous and an isotropic in nature and existing with different engineering properties which can be influenced to some extent by the presence of copper salt under the influence of water (Kadiyah and Lal, 2006).

          The properties of soil as engineering material depends on its surface electrical charges, chemical composition size and shape e.t.c. The chemical composition influences the exhibition of enormous changes in the engineering properties especially in soil with high content of clay materials (Singh and Singh, 2006).

          The geotechnical characteristics of soil are of great importance. The degree of these properties within certain range has a useful meaning in determining the best and suitability of it, for engineering construction especially for road construction (Ola, 2005).