PROJECT BODY:

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The understanding of purpose of statistical science will play important roles to start a research of this kind. Usman (2016), in Bivariate and Multivariate Statistical Analysis, refers Multivariate statistical analysis as multiple advanced techniques for checking relationships among multiple variables at the same time. Researchers use multivariate techniques in a study that involve more than one response variable (phenomenon of interest) and more than one explanatory variable (also known as a predictor) or both. The statistical methods comes into play either when we have a medical theory to test or when we have a relationship in mind that has some importance in medical decision or policy analysis in public health. According to Northway (1967), Broncho-Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)is a chronic lung disorder of infants and children and was first described in 1967. It is more common in infants with low birth weight and those who receive prolonged mechanical ventilation to treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).According to Namasiavayam (2014), BPD is a form of chronic lung disease that develops in preterm neonates treated with oxygen and positive-pressure ventilation. BPD is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), there are between 5,000 and 10,000 cases of BPD every year in the United States. Babies with highly low birth weight (less than 2.2 kilogram) are most at risk for developing BPD. In BPD, the lung and the airways (bronchi) are damaged in the neonatal period, causing destruction (dysplasia) of the tiny air sacs of the lung (alveoli). The pathogenesis of this condition remains complex and poorly understood; however various factors can not only injure small airways but also interfere with alveolarization (alveolar septation), leading to alveolar simplification with a reduction in the overall surface area for gas exchange.